At Caltech, roughly 70% of students spend at least one summer SURFing. Unfortunately, SURFs have nothing to do with surfing. SURF stands for Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship-- basically, Caltech pays for you to spend a summer researching with the professor or scientist of your choice.
This year's SURF applications were due this past Monday. Applications require recommendations, lists of courses, and a research proposal. The research proposal is probably the closest thing to a grant proposal that we undergraduates will ever write. Since not everyone gets a SURF, writing the research proposal can be a little stressful. I'm not sure if the SURF committee even reads our research proposals, but I tend to assume the worst-- that the SURF committee reads our research proposals carefully, cover to cover-- and accordingly try to write a coherent mini-grant.
This year, I had an especially difficult time writing my SURF proposal. Last summer, Professor Rob Phillips spoon-fed me my research project. This year, he initially suggested that I look into morphogen gradients in developing embroyos. When I wasn't completely enthusiastic about the idea, he essentially said, "Do whatever makes you happy, as long as it has something to do with biophysics and the Principle of Maximum Entropy."
My initial thought: cool! I get to choose my own research project!
My second thought: shoot. What the heck will I do?
A few nights before the SURF application was due, I started reading article after article after article on something that has always amazed me-- evolution. I can't expect everyone reading this blog to share my excitement for evolutionary fitness functions, but bear with me as I tell you about the neatest experiment ever.
Remember Darwin's finches in the Galapagos Islands? They're kind of famous. Allegedly, Darwin first thought of evolution when he saw the finches' beaks... just like Newton first thought carefully about gravity when an apple fell on his head. (Neither of these stories are completely true, but they're fun to tell anyway.)
What do birds have to do with evolution, one of the most seminal ideas in history? The finches in the Galapagos have differently sized beaks, and each beak is better suited for eating certain nuts than others. Big beaks can crack tougher nuts; small beaks can pick up smaller seeds. So on the different islands in the Galapagos, finches have differently sized beaks-- they've adapted to the available food on that island.
In the most detailed and beautiful scientific study I've ever read about, Princeton U. Professors Peter and Rosemary Grant (husband and wife) lived on an uninhabited island in the Galapagos and carefully measured the size of the beaks of every single finch on the island for several years. They also measured the sizes of available seeds and nuts. Miraculously, the probability of seeing a finch with a certain sized beak lined up almost perfectly with a mathematical prediction of which birds were best suited for eating the available types of seeds and nuts.
First observation: the most uncomfortable position I've ever had to deal with while researching is going into the "cold room" in the lab for a few seconds. Imagine living on an uninhabited island that is really hot and full of bugs for months at a time.
Second observation (and here's the science): isn't it amazing that we can predict the types of finches on the island just from knowing the environment in which they live?
These were the thoughts bouncing around in my head at 2 A.M. last Friday, as I read paper after paper on evolutionary fitness functions of E. coli. At around 3 A.M., I decided that predicting fitness functions using the Principle of Maximum Entropy might work, and therefore stayed up until 9 A.M. writing my SURF research proposal about it.
Then I started my physics set, due at 5 P.M. that day, while growing/diluting/incubating cells for my APh162 project.
The first comment that Rob gave me about my proposal was-- and I quote-- "How do we avoid being naive nincompoops while working in this huge area?" In a stroke of brilliance, I had managed to choose an interesting area of research that Rob didn't actually work in.
Not that it matters-- I'm going to work on evolutionary fitness functions this summer, regardless. My spring term will probably be one gigantic literature search on evolution! Oh, literature searches, how I love thee.